p <- read.csv("p_imputed.csv")
c1 <- lm(data = p, formula = log(CI) ~ log(Chamber) + factor(State) + factor(Year))
e1 <- lm(data = p, formula = log(EI) ~ log(Chamber) + factor(State) + factor(Year))
c2 <- lm(data = p, formula = log(CI_Lag1) ~ log(Chamber) + factor(State) + factor(Year))
e2 <- lm(data = p, formula = log(EI_Lag1) ~ log(Chamber) + factor(State) + factor(Year))
export_summs(c1, e1, c2, e2, robust = "HC3", model.names = c("Carbon Intensity", "Energy Intensity", "Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1", "Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1"))
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'broom':
## method from
## tidy.glht jtools
## tidy.summary.glht jtools
| Carbon Intensity | Energy Intensity | Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1 | Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1 |
| (Intercept) | 4.02 *** | 2.19 *** | 3.95 *** | 2.25 *** |
| (0.12)Â Â Â | (0.18)Â Â Â | (0.12)Â Â Â | (0.17)Â Â Â |
| log(Chamber) | 0.04Â Â Â Â | 0.27 *** | 0.07Â Â Â Â | 0.24 **Â |
| (0.05)Â Â Â | (0.08)Â Â Â | (0.05)Â Â Â | (0.07)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)AL | -0.09 *** | -0.24 *** | -0.08 *** | -0.23 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)AR | -0.05 *** | -0.27 *** | -0.05 **Â | -0.26 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)AZ | -0.07 *** | -0.92 *** | -0.06 *** | -0.91 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)CA | -0.10 *** | -1.24 *** | -0.09 *** | -1.23 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)CO | 0.13 *** | -0.94 *** | 0.14 *** | -0.93 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)CT | -0.19 *** | -1.38 *** | -0.18 *** | -1.37 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)DE | 0.13 *** | -1.03 *** | 0.14 *** | -1.03 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)FL | 0.03 **Â | -0.94 *** | 0.04 *** | -0.93 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)GA | -0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.74 *** | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.73 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)HI | 0.17 *** | -1.12 *** | 0.17 *** | -1.11 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)IA | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.37 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.37 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)ID | -0.36 *** | -0.40 *** | -0.36 *** | -0.39 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)IL | -0.12 *** | -0.87 *** | -0.11 *** | -0.86 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)IN | 0.24 *** | -0.37 *** | 0.25 *** | -0.36 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)KS | 0.04 *Â Â | -0.51 *** | 0.05 *** | -0.50 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)KY | 0.26 *** | -0.24 *** | 0.26 *** | -0.24 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)LA | -0.15 *** | 0.26 *** | -0.15 *** | 0.25 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MA | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -1.33 *** | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -1.32 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MD | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -1.05 *** | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -1.04 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)ME | -0.33 *** | -0.54 *** | -0.32 *** | -0.53 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MI | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.71 *** | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.70 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MN | -0.06 *** | -0.75 *** | -0.05 *** | -0.75 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MO | 0.20 *** | -0.68 *** | 0.20 *** | -0.67 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MS | -0.05 *** | -0.15 *** | -0.04 *** | -0.15 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MT | 0.03 *Â Â | -0.27 *** | 0.03 **Â | -0.26 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NC | -0.04 *** | -0.81 *** | -0.03 **Â | -0.80 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)ND | 0.26 *** | -0.07 *Â Â | 0.26 *** | -0.06Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NE | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.52 *** | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.51 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NH | -0.32 *** | -1.07 *** | -0.31 *** | -1.06 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NJ | -0.10 *** | -1.06 *** | -0.10 *** | -1.05 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NM | 0.17 *** | -0.51 *** | 0.18 *** | -0.51 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NV | 0.04 **Â | -0.93 *** | 0.05 *** | -0.92 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NY | -0.16 *** | -1.45 *** | -0.16 *** | -1.44 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)OH | 0.15 *** | -0.67 *** | 0.15 *** | -0.66 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)OK | 0.06 *** | -0.35 *** | 0.06 *** | -0.34 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)OR | -0.44 *** | -0.78 *** | -0.44 *** | -0.77 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)PA | -0.03 *Â Â | -0.79 *** | -0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.78 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)RI | -0.00Â Â Â Â | -1.21 *** | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -1.21 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)SC | -0.25 *** | -0.39 *** | -0.24 *** | -0.38 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)SD | -0.24 *** | -0.46 *** | -0.23 *** | -0.46 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)TN | -0.03 **Â | -0.54 *** | -0.03 *Â Â | -0.53 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)TX | -0.10 *** | -0.39 *** | -0.09 *** | -0.38 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)UT | 0.23 *** | -0.78 *** | 0.23 *** | -0.77 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)VA | -0.05 *** | -0.85 *** | -0.04 *** | -0.84 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)VT | -0.52 *** | -0.91 *** | -0.51 *** | -0.91 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)WA | -0.46 *** | -0.92 *** | -0.46 *** | -0.90 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)WI | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.68 *** | 0.03 *Â Â | -0.68 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)WV | 0.35 *** | -0.19 *** | 0.35 *** | -0.19 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)WY | 0.30 *** | 0.02Â Â Â Â | 0.31 *** | 0.02Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)1999 | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.02Â Â Â Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2000 | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.03Â Â Â Â | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.02Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2001 | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.06 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.03 *Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2002 | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.07 *** | 0.02 *Â Â | -0.07 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2003 | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.09 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.08 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2004 | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.11 *** | 0.02 *Â Â | -0.10 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2005 | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.13 *** | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.11 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2006 | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.17 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.14 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2007 | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.16 *** | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.17 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2008 | -0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.19 *** | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.17 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2009 | -0.04 *** | -0.21 *** | -0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.19 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2010 | -0.05 *** | -0.19 *** | -0.04 *** | -0.21 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2011 | -0.07 *** | -0.22 *** | -0.05 *** | -0.20 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2012 | -0.09 *** | -0.27 *** | -0.07 *** | -0.23 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2013 | -0.09 *** | -0.25 *** | -0.09 *** | -0.27 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2014 | -0.09 *** | -0.25 *** | -0.09 *** | -0.25 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2015 | -0.10 *** | -0.29 *** | -0.09 *** | -0.26 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2016 | -0.11 *** | -0.31 *** | -0.10 *** | -0.29 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2017 | -0.13 *** | -0.32 *** | -0.11 *** | -0.31 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2018 | -0.13 *** | -0.31 *** | -0.13 *** | -0.32 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2019 | -0.14 *** | -0.33 *** | -0.13 *** | -0.31 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2020 | -0.18 *** | -0.38 *** | -0.14 *** | -0.33 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â |
| N | 1134Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1134Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1084Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1084Â Â Â Â Â Â Â |
| R2 | 0.96Â Â Â Â | 0.98Â Â Â Â | 0.96Â Â Â Â | 0.98Â Â Â Â |
| Standard errors are heteroskedasticity robust. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05. |
vip(c1,scale=TRUE)

vip(e1,scale=TRUE)

c3 <- lm(data = p, formula = log(CI) ~ log(Chamber) + log(Renewables) + log(NatGas) + log(ManuUnion) + log(FarmWages) + log(MiningWages) + log(IncomePC) + log(Population))
e3 <- lm(data = p, formula = log(EI) ~ log(Chamber) + log(Renewables) + log(NatGas) + log(ManuUnion) + log(FarmWages) + log(MiningWages) + log(IncomePC) + log(Population))
c4 <- lm(data = p, formula = log(CI_Lag1) ~ log(Chamber) + log(Renewables) + log(NatGas) + log(ManuUnion) + log(FarmWages) + log(MiningWages) + log(IncomePC) + log(Population))
e4 <- lm(data = p, formula = log(EI_Lag1) ~ log(Chamber) + log(Renewables) + log(NatGas) + log(ManuUnion) + log(FarmWages) + log(MiningWages) + log(IncomePC) + log(Population))
plot(c3)




export_summs(c3, e3, c4, e4, model.names = c("Carbon Intensity", "Energy Intensity", "Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1", "Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1"))
| Carbon Intensity | Energy Intensity | Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1 | Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1 |
| (Intercept) | 4.29 *** | 3.28 *** | 4.02 *** | 3.43 *** |
| (0.25)Â Â Â | (0.43)Â Â Â | (0.27)Â Â Â | (0.45)Â Â Â |
| log(Chamber) | 0.07Â Â Â Â | 2.23 *** | 0.11Â Â Â Â | 2.21 *** |
| (0.07)Â Â Â | (0.11)Â Â Â | (0.07)Â Â Â | (0.11)Â Â Â |
| log(Renewables) | -1.85 *** | 0.17Â Â Â Â | -1.81 *** | 0.20 *Â Â |
| (0.05)Â Â Â | (0.09)Â Â Â | (0.06)Â Â Â | (0.09)Â Â Â |
| log(NatGas) | -0.37 *** | 0.18Â Â Â Â | -0.37 *** | 0.17Â Â Â Â |
| (0.05)Â Â Â | (0.09)Â Â Â | (0.06)Â Â Â | (0.10)Â Â Â |
| log(ManuUnion) | 0.82 *** | 1.05 *** | 0.82 *** | 1.07 *** |
| (0.07)Â Â Â | (0.12)Â Â Â | (0.07)Â Â Â | (0.12)Â Â Â |
| log(FarmWages) | 0.05 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â | 0.05 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| log(MiningWages) | 0.04 *** | 0.10 *** | 0.04 *** | 0.10 *** |
| (0.00)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.00)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| log(IncomePC) | 0.04 *Â Â | -0.51 *** | 0.06 **Â | -0.52 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â |
| log(Population) | -0.02 *** | -0.08 *** | -0.02 *** | -0.08 *** |
| (0.00)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.00)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| N | 1086Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1086Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1038Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1038Â Â Â Â Â Â Â |
| R2 | 0.67Â Â Â Â | 0.74Â Â Â Â | 0.65Â Â Â Â | 0.74Â Â Â Â |
| *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05. |
plot_summs(c3, e3, c4, e4, model.names = c("Carbon Intensity", "Energy Intensity", "Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1", "Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1"), robust = "HC3")
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed

vif(c3)
## log(Chamber) log(Renewables) log(NatGas) log(ManuUnion)
## 1.267898 1.781571 1.602661 1.120404
## log(FarmWages) log(MiningWages) log(IncomePC) log(Population)
## 1.980383 1.924682 1.507999 1.356945
vif(e3)
## log(Chamber) log(Renewables) log(NatGas) log(ManuUnion)
## 1.267898 1.781571 1.602661 1.120404
## log(FarmWages) log(MiningWages) log(IncomePC) log(Population)
## 1.980383 1.924682 1.507999 1.356945
vif(c4)
## log(Chamber) log(Renewables) log(NatGas) log(ManuUnion)
## 1.273816 1.800546 1.616469 1.113274
## log(FarmWages) log(MiningWages) log(IncomePC) log(Population)
## 1.993267 1.932252 1.510376 1.362981
vif(e4)
## log(Chamber) log(Renewables) log(NatGas) log(ManuUnion)
## 1.273816 1.800546 1.616469 1.113274
## log(FarmWages) log(MiningWages) log(IncomePC) log(Population)
## 1.993267 1.932252 1.510376 1.362981
vip(c3,scale=TRUE)

vip(e3,scale=TRUE)

vip(c4,scale=TRUE)

vip(e4,scale=TRUE)

min(p$FarmWages)
## [1] 0.0003000161
cooks_c1 <- cooks.distance(c1)
threshold <- 4 / (nrow(p) - length(c1$coefficients) - 1)
influential_points <- which(cooks_c1 > threshold)
clean_c1 <- p[-influential_points, ]
cooks_e1 <- cooks.distance(e1)
threshold <- 4 / (nrow(p) - length(e1$coefficients) - 1)
influential_points <- which(cooks_e1 > threshold)
clean_e1 <- p[-influential_points, ]
cooks_c2 <- cooks.distance(c2)
threshold <- 4 / (nrow(p) - length(c2$coefficients) - 2)
influential_points <- which(cooks_c2 > threshold)
clean_c2 <- p[-influential_points, ]
cooks_e2 <- cooks.distance(e2)
threshold <- 4 / (nrow(p) - length(e2$coefficients) - 2)
influential_points <- which(cooks_e2 > threshold)
clean_e2 <- p[-influential_points, ]
c1_reduced <- lm(data = clean_c1, formula = log(CI) ~ log(Chamber) + factor(State) + factor(Year))
e1_reduced <- lm(data = clean_e2, formula = log(EI) ~ log(Chamber) + factor(State) + factor(Year))
c2_reduced <- lm(data = clean_c1, formula = log(CI_Lag1) ~ log(Chamber) + factor(State) + factor(Year))
e2_reduced <- lm(data = clean_e2, formula = log(EI_Lag1) ~ log(Chamber) + factor(State) + factor(Year))
export_summs(c1_reduced, e1_reduced, c2_reduced, e2_reduced, robust = "HC3", model.names = c("Carbon Intensity", "Energy Intensity", "Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1", "Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1"))
| Carbon Intensity | Energy Intensity | Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1 | Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1 |
| (Intercept) | 4.01 *** | 2.23 *** | 3.92 *** | 2.35 *** |
| (0.11)Â Â Â | (0.18)Â Â Â | (0.11)Â Â Â | (0.17)Â Â Â |
| log(Chamber) | 0.04Â Â Â Â | 0.23 **Â | 0.08Â Â Â Â | 0.18 *Â Â |
| (0.05)Â Â Â | (0.08)Â Â Â | (0.05)Â Â Â | (0.07)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)AL | -0.09 *** | -0.21 *** | -0.08 *** | -0.20 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)AR | -0.05 *** | -0.24 *** | -0.05 *** | -0.23 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)AZ | -0.07 *** | -0.89 *** | -0.06 *** | -0.88 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)CA | -0.10 *** | -1.21 *** | -0.09 *** | -1.19 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)CO | 0.13 *** | -0.91 *** | 0.14 *** | -0.90 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)CT | -0.19 *** | -1.35 *** | -0.18 *** | -1.35 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)DE | 0.13 *** | -1.00 *** | 0.14 *** | -1.00 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)FL | 0.03 **Â | -0.91 *** | 0.04 *** | -0.89 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)GA | -0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.70 *** | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.69 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)HI | 0.17 *** | -1.08 *** | 0.17 *** | -1.08 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)IA | 0.03Â Â Â Â | -0.33 *** | 0.05 **Â | -0.32 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)ID | -0.36 *** | -0.37 *** | -0.37 *** | -0.36 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)IL | -0.11 *** | -0.84 *** | -0.10 *** | -0.83 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)IN | 0.25 *** | -0.34 *** | 0.25 *** | -0.33 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)KS | 0.04 *Â Â | -0.48 *** | 0.05 **Â | -0.47 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)KY | 0.26 *** | -0.22 *** | 0.26 *** | -0.21 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)LA | -0.15 *** | 0.29 *** | -0.15 *** | 0.29 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MA | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -1.31 *** | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -1.30 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MD | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -1.02 *** | 0.03 *Â Â | -1.01 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)ME | -0.33 *** | -0.51 *** | -0.32 *** | -0.50 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MI | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.68 *** | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.67 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MN | -0.05 *** | -0.72 *** | -0.05 *** | -0.72 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MO | 0.20 *** | -0.65 *** | 0.20 *** | -0.64 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MS | -0.04 *** | -0.12 *** | -0.04 *** | -0.11 **Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)MT | 0.03 *Â Â | -0.24 *** | 0.04 **Â | -0.23 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NC | -0.04 **Â | -0.78 *** | -0.03 **Â | -0.76 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)ND | 0.26 *** | -0.03Â Â Â Â | 0.26 *** | -0.03Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NE | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.49 *** | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.48 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NH | -0.32 *** | -1.04 *** | -0.31 *** | -1.03 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NJ | -0.10 *** | -1.03 *** | -0.09 *** | -1.02 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NM | 0.17 *** | -0.48 *** | 0.18 *** | -0.48 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NV | 0.05 **Â | -0.90 *** | 0.05 *** | -0.89 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)NY | -0.16 *** | -1.42 *** | -0.15 *** | -1.41 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)OH | 0.15 *** | -0.64 *** | 0.15 *** | -0.63 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)OK | 0.06 *** | -0.31 *** | 0.06 *** | -0.30 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)OR | -0.44 *** | -0.75 *** | -0.44 *** | -0.74 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)PA | -0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.76 *** | -0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.75 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)RI | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -1.18 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -1.17 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)SC | -0.25 *** | -0.37 *** | -0.25 *** | -0.35 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)SD | -0.25 *** | -0.43 *** | -0.24 *** | -0.42 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)TN | -0.03 *Â Â | -0.51 *** | -0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.50 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)TX | -0.09 *** | -0.35 *** | -0.09 *** | -0.34 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)UT | 0.24 *** | -0.76 *** | 0.24 *** | -0.74 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)VA | -0.04 *** | -0.82 *** | -0.04 *** | -0.81 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)VT | -0.53 *** | -0.89 *** | -0.53 *** | -0.88 *** |
| (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)WA | -0.46 *** | -0.91 *** | -0.45 *** | -0.89 *** |
| (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)WI | 0.03 *Â Â | -0.65 *** | 0.03 **Â | -0.64 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.03)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)WV | 0.35 *** | -0.16 *** | 0.35 *** | -0.16 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(State)WY | 0.31 *** | 0.05Â Â Â Â | 0.31 *** | 0.05Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.04)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)1999 | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.01Â Â Â Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2000 | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.04 *Â Â | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.03Â Â Â Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2001 | 0.02Â Â Â Â | -0.07 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.04 **Â |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2002 | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.07 *** | 0.02 *Â Â | -0.07 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2003 | 0.02 *Â Â | -0.09 *** | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.08 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2004 | 0.02 *Â Â | -0.11 *** | 0.02 *Â Â | -0.10 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2005 | 0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.14 *** | 0.02 *Â Â | -0.12 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2006 | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.17 *** | 0.02 *Â Â | -0.14 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2007 | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.16 *** | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.17 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2008 | -0.02 *Â Â | -0.18 *** | 0.00Â Â Â Â | -0.17 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2009 | -0.04 *** | -0.20 *** | -0.01Â Â Â Â | -0.19 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2010 | -0.05 *** | -0.19 *** | -0.04 *** | -0.21 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2011 | -0.07 *** | -0.22 *** | -0.04 *** | -0.20 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2012 | -0.09 *** | -0.26 *** | -0.07 *** | -0.22 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2013 | -0.08 *** | -0.24 *** | -0.08 *** | -0.27 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2014 | -0.09 *** | -0.25 *** | -0.08 *** | -0.25 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2015 | -0.10 *** | -0.29 *** | -0.09 *** | -0.26 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2016 | -0.11 *** | -0.30 *** | -0.09 *** | -0.29 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2017 | -0.12 *** | -0.31 *** | -0.11 *** | -0.31 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2018 | -0.13 *** | -0.30 *** | -0.12 *** | -0.32 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2019 | -0.14 *** | -0.33 *** | -0.13 *** | -0.31 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â |
| factor(Year)2020 | -0.17 *** | -0.37 *** | -0.14 *** | -0.33 *** |
| (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â | (0.01)Â Â Â | (0.02)Â Â Â |
| N | 1079Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1068Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1033Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | 1020Â Â Â Â Â Â Â |
| R2 | 0.97Â Â Â Â | 0.98Â Â Â Â | 0.97Â Â Â Â | 0.98Â Â Â Â |
| Standard errors are heteroskedasticity robust. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05. |
cooks_c3 <- cooks.distance(c3)
threshold <- 4 / (nrow(p) - length(c3$coefficients) - 1)
influential_points <- which(cooks_c3 > threshold)
clean_c3 <- p[-influential_points, ]
cooks_e3 <- cooks.distance(e3)
threshold <- 4 / (nrow(p) - length(e3$coefficients) - 1)
influential_points <- which(cooks_e3 > threshold)
clean_e3 <- p[-influential_points, ]
cooks_c4 <- cooks.distance(c4)
threshold <- 4 / (nrow(p) - length(c4$coefficients) - 1)
influential_points <- which(cooks_c4 > threshold)
clean_c4 <- p[-influential_points, ]
cooks_e4 <- cooks.distance(e4)
threshold <- 4 / (nrow(p) - length(e4$coefficients) - 1)
influential_points <- which(cooks_e4 > threshold)
clean_e4 <- p[-influential_points, ]
c3_reduced <- lm(data = clean_c3, formula = log(CI) ~ log(Chamber) + log(Renewables) + log(NatGas) + log(ManuUnion) + log(FarmWages) + log(MiningWages) + log(IncomePC) + log(Population))
e3_reduced <- lm(data = clean_e3, formula = log(EI) ~ log(Chamber) + log(Renewables) + log(NatGas) + log(ManuUnion) + log(FarmWages) + log(MiningWages) + log(IncomePC) + log(Population))
c4_reduced <- lm(data = clean_c4, formula = log(CI_Lag1) ~ log(Chamber) + log(Renewables) + log(NatGas) + log(ManuUnion) + log(FarmWages) + log(MiningWages) + log(IncomePC) + log(Population))
e4_reduced <- lm(data = clean_e4, formula = log(EI_Lag1) ~ log(Chamber) + log(Renewables) + log(NatGas) + log(ManuUnion) + log(FarmWages) + log(MiningWages) + log(IncomePC) + log(Population))
plot(c3_reduced)




plot(e3_reduced)




plot_summs(c3_reduced, e3_reduced, c4_reduced, e4_reduced, model.names = c("Carbon Intensity", "Energy Intensity", "Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1", "Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1"), robust = "HC3")
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed

plot_summs(c3, c4, c3_reduced, c4_reduced, model.names = c("Carbon Intensity", "Carbon Intensity, DV Lag k=1", "CI Reduced", "CI Reduced, DV Lag k=1"), robust = "HC3")
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed

plot_summs(e3, e4, e3_reduced, e4_reduced, model.names = c("Energy Intensity", "Energy Intensity, DV Lag k=1", "EI Reduced", "EI Reduced, DV Lag k=1"), robust = "HC3")
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
## Loading required namespace: broom.mixed
